Ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais de gatos domésticos (Felis catus domesticus) em amostras fecais recebidas no hospital veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz no período de 2018-2019 / Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites of domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus) in fecal samples received at the veterinary hospital at the State University of Santa Cruz in the 2018-2019 period / Incidencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en gatos domésticos (Felis catus domesticus) muestras fecales recibidas en el hospital veterinario de la Universidad Estatal de Santa Cruz en el período 2018-2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a ocorrência de parasitos gastrointestinais em 20 amostras fecais de gatos domésticos recebidas no Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. As amostras foram recebidas no período de 19 de abril de 2018 a 09 de agosto de 2019, sendo de animais de diferentes raças e ambos os sexos. Dessas amostras (15/20) foram negativas e (5/20) foram positivas, onde o foram encontrados com maior frequência ovos de Ancylostoma spp. (4/20) além de uma amostra positiva para oocistos de Cystisospora spp (1/20). Os animais com amostras positivas eram animais com idade inferior a um ano e nunca tinham passado por acompanhamento veterinário. Enquanto o alto número de amostras negativas pode ser justificado por serem animais cuidados por membros da comunidade acadêmica e que já tinham passado por atendimento no Hospital Veterinário, realizando de tratamentos antiparasitários.(AU)

The objective of this work is to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in 20 fecal samples from domestic cats received in the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology at the State University of Santa Cruz. The samples were received from April 19, 2018 to August 9, 2019 and were from animals of different breeds and both genders. From these samples, (15/20) were negative and (5/20) were positive. Eggs of Ancylostoma spp. were found more frequently, in 4 of the samples, and one (1) sample tested positive for oocysts of Cystisospora spp (1/20). The animals with positive samples were animals aged less than one year old and had never been through veterinary follow-up. The high number of negative samples can be justified because they were animals cared for by members of the academic community and that had already been seen by the staff at the Veterinary Hospital, performing antiparasitic treatments.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la presencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en 20 muestras fecales de gatos domésticos recibidas en el Laboratorio de Parasitología Veterinaria de la Universidad Estatal de Santa Cruz. Las muestras se recibieron desde el 19 de abril de 2018 hasta el 9 de agosto de 2019, y procedían de animales de diferentes razas y ambos sexos. De esas muestras (15/20) fueron negativas y (5/20) fueron positivas, donde los óvulos de Ancylostoma spp. se encontraron con más frecuencia. (4/20) y una muestra positiva para ooquistes de Cystisospora spp (1/20). Los animales con muestras positivas eran animales de menos de un año de edad y nunca habían sido acompañados por un veterinario. Si bien el elevado número de muestras negativas puede justificarse por tratarse de animales cuidados por miembros de la comunidad académica y que ya habían pasado por la asistencia en el Hospital Veterinario, realizando tratamientos antiparasitarios.(AU)

Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in an HIV/AIDS patient treated at the specialized assistance service in Porto Velho County - Rondônia

Abstract Cystoisospora belli infection manifests as diarrhea, and can potentially progress to malabsorption in HIV patients. Here, we report a case of C. belli infection in an HIV/AIDS patient with chronic diarrhea symptoms for at least 2 years. Coproscopic analyses based on direct technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique without a commercial kit were performed. The current case report highlights the protocol to be adopted in coproscopic analyses applied to HIV patients. The importance of including the appropriate parasitological testing of patients with chronic intestinal isosporiasis in parasitological test routines must be considered.

Oocyst shedding by green-winged-saltator (Saltator similis) in the diagnostic of coccidiosis and Isospora similisi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) / Eliminação de oocistos por trinca-ferro-verdadeiro (Saltator similis) no diagnóstico da coccidiose e Isospora similisi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)

Diurnal periodicity is a phenomenon that has been observed in coccidian of Isospora parasites of passerines, which have been eliminated great number of oocysts at dusk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of periodicity of oocysts presence in the green-winged-saltator Saltator similis, and its use in the diagnosis of coccidiosis in wild birds in captivity. A total of 220 fecal samples were collected from birds, apprehended from illegal trading and kept in quarantine in CETAS∕IBAMA, in the morning and late afternoon, from May to November 2010. It was observed that 1.82% of the samples collected in the morning were positive, while 31.36% of samples were positive in the late afternoon. In addition, the number of oocysts shed was greater in the afternoon. Therefore, it was concluded that the sampling in the late afternoon provided greater reliability for the diagnosis of coccidiosis in green-winged-saltators. Moreover, in this study a new isosporoid coccidian parasite from the green-winged-saltator S. similis was observed and is herein described. Isospora similisi n. sp. oocysts are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal, 27.5 × 25.9 µm, with a smooth and bi-layered wall, ∼1.2 mm. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but splinter-like or comma-like granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal or slightly ovoidal, 17.4 × 12.2 mm. A stieda body and substieda body are present. The sporocyst residuum is composed of granules of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with a single refractile body and a nucleus. This is the fourth description of an isosporoid coccidium infecting S. similis and the sixth description from Cardinalidae.

A periodicidade diurna é um fenômeno que tem sido observado em coccídios do gênero Isosporaparasitas de pássaros, os quais eliminam uma maior quantidade de oocistos ao entardecer. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a periodicidade de eliminação de oocistos pelas fezes no trinca-ferro-verdadeiro Saltator similis, e sua utilização no diagnóstico da coccidiose. Foram colhidas 220 amostras fecais de aves oriundas de apreensões do tráfico de animais silvestres e mantidas na quarentena do CETAS∕IBAMA, nos períodos da manhã e ao entardecer, de maio a novembro de 2010. Observou-se que 1,82% das amostras colhidas no período da manhã foram positivas, enquanto que 31,36% das amostras colhidas foram positivas ao entardecer, onde o maior número de oocistos foi observado no período da tarde. Portanto, concluiu-se que a colheita de amostras ao entardecer oferece maior confiabilidade para o diagnóstico da coccidiose. Além disso, descreve-se um novo coccídio do trinca-ferro-verdadeiro S. similis. Isospora similisi n. sp. possui oocistos esféricos a subesféricos, 27,5 × 25,9 µm, com parede dupla e lisa, ∼1,2 µm. A micrópila e o resíduo do oocisto estão ausentes, porém pequenos grânulos estão presentes. Os esporocistos são elipsóides ou levemente ovóides, 17,4 × 12,2 µm. Os corpos de Stieda e substieda estão presentes. O resíduo do esporocisto está presente e os esporozoítos possuem um corpo refrátil posterior e um núcleo. Esta é a quarta espécie isosporóide descrita de S. similise a sexta descrição na família Cardinalidae.

Isospora belli Infection with Chronic Diarrhea in an Alcoholic Patient

Chronic diarrhea with a 35 kg weight loss (75 kg to 40 kg) occurred during 2 years in an alcoholic patient was diagnosed with Isospora belli infection in the Republic of Korea. The patient, a 70-year old Korean male, had been a heavy drinker for more than 30 years. He was admitted to the Seoul National University Hospital because of long-standing diarrhea and severe weight loss. He had an increased white blood cell (WBC) count with high peripheral blood eosinophilia (36.8-39.9%) and lowered protein and albumin levels but without any evidence of immunosuppression. A parasitic infection was suspected and fecal examination was repeated 3 times with negative results. Peroral endoscopy with mural biopsy was performed in the upper jejunum. The biopsy specimens revealed villous atrophy with loss of villi together with various life cycle stages of I. belli, including trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites, macrogamonts, and microgamonts. The patient was treated successfully with oral doses of trimethoprim 160-320 mg and sulfamethoxazole 800-1,600 mg daily for 4 weeks. A follow-up evaluation at 2.5 years later revealed marked improvement of body weight (68 kg), increased protein and albumin levels, and normal WBC count with low eosinophils (3.1%). This is the first clinical case of isoporiasis with demonstration of various parasitic stages in the Republic of Korea.

Common variable immunodeficiency and isosporiasis: first report case / Imunodeficiência comum variável e isosporíase: primeiro relato de caso

We report a severe case of diarrhea in a 62-year-old female HIV-negative patient from whom Giardia lamblia and Isospora belli were isolated. Because unusual and opportunistic infections should be considered as criteria for further analysis of immunological status, laboratory investigations led to a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). This is the first reported case of isosporiasis in a patient with CVID and illustrates the importance of being aware of a possible link, particularly in relation to primary immunodeficiency.

Trata-se de relato de caso de uma paciente de 62 anos, sexo feminino, HIV negativo apresentando um quadro grave de diarréia, sendo isolados Giardia lamblia e Isospora belli. Infecções incomuns e oportunistas devem ser consideradas como um sinal para alerta para que se analise o sistema imunológico. O diagnóstico de imunodeficiência de comum variável foi realizado após investigação. Este é o primeiro caso relatado de isosporíase em pacientes com imunodeficiência comum variável e mostra a importância de estar alerta tambem em relação a imunodeficiências primárias.

Infección por Isospora belli en pacientes con infección por VIH: presentación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Isospora belli infection in HIV positive patients: report of two cases and literature review

Isosporosis is an infection caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Isospora, coccidia affecting various different vertebrate species, including humans. It is an uncommon infection in our country and it is not a zoonosis. We present two cases oí Isospora belli infection in HIV positive patients from the Valparaiso region. We discuss the clinical events caused by this agent, its epidemiology, cases published in the local and foreign literature, as well as its treatment and prevention measures.

La isosporosis es una infección parasitaria provocada por protozoos del género Isospora, coccidio que afecta con diversas especies a diferentes vertebrados, entre los que se encuentra el ser humano. Es una infección poco frecuente en nuestro país y no constituye una zoonosis. Se presentan dos casos con infección por Isospora belli en pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana procedentes de la Región de Valparaíso. Se analizan las manifestaciones producidas por este agente, la epidemiología de la infección, los casos publicados en la literatura nacional e internacional, así como su tratamiento y las medidas de prevención.

Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

Patients with AIDS are particularly susceptible to infection with intestinal coccidia. In this study the prevalence of infections with Cryptosporidium sp and Cystoisospora belli were evaluated among HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil. Between July 1993 and June 2003 faecal samples from 359 patients were collected and stained by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, resulting in 19.7 percent of positivity for coccidian (8.6 percent with Cryptosporidium sp, 10.3 percent with Cystoisospora belli and 0.8 percent with both coccidian). Patients with diarrhoea and T CD4+ lymphocyte levels < 200 cells/mm3 presented higher frequency of these protozoans, demonstrating the opportunistic profile of these infections and its relationship with the immunological status of the individual. It was not possible to determine the influence of HAART, since only 8.5 percent of the patients positive for coccidian received this therapy regularly. Parasitism by Cryptosporidium sp was more frequent between December and February and thus was characterised by a seasonal pattern of infection, which was not observed with Cystoisospora belli.

Pacientes com AIDS são particularmente susceptíveis a infecção por coccídios intestinais e nesse estudo foi avaliada a freqüência de Cryptosporidium sp. e Cystoisospora belli entre pacientes HIV/AIDS na região do Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil. No período de julho de 1993 a junho de 2003, amostras de fezes de 359 pacientes foram submetidas à coloração pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, sendo detectada a presença de coccídios em 19,7 por cento destas (8,6 por cento de Cryptosporidium sp, 10,3 por cento de Cystoisospora belli e 0,8 por cento de ambos coccídios). Pacientes com diarréia e níveis de linfócitos T CD4+ < 200 células/mm3 apresentaram maior frequência destes protozoários, demonstrando o perfil oportunista destas infecções e a relação com o status imunológico do indivíduo. Não foi possível determinar a influência da HARRT, pois apenas 8,5 por cento dos pacientes positivos para coccídios fazriam uso regular desta terapia. Parasitismo por Cryptosporidium sp foi mais freqüente no período compreendido de dezembro a fevereiro caracterizando padrão sazonal desta infecção, fato não observado com Cystoisospora belli.

Isospora belli infection in a malnourished child.

Isospora belli, a coccidian parasite usually causes a self limiting illness of acute onset with fever, diarrhoea and colicky pain in a normal host. In immunocompromised patients human isosporiasis becomes chronic. We report a case of a malnourished 9 year old female child who presented with complaints of loose stools, nausea, vomiting and weight loss for the past three months. Stool examination revealed immature oocysts of Isospora belli. The patient was successfully treated with TMP-SMX.